Templong Anituhan

Philippine Indigenous Spiritual Tradition, Binabaylan, Diwata, Anitu, Engkanto, Hilot, Talata at Baybayin

Category: Tuhan

  • Reclaiming the Sacred Cosmology of the Maranao: A Path to Healing and Harmony

    In the heart of Mindanao, the Maranao people have preserved a rich spiritual heritage that predates the arrival of Islam. This belief system, rooted in animism and polytheism, offers a profound cosmological framework centered around the Supreme Being known as Tuhan or Apo sa Langit. At its core lies a sacred map of the universe:…

  • The Sacred Layers of the Universe: Pre-Islamic Maranao Cosmology and Its Relevance Today

    Before the arrival of Islam in the 14th century, the Maranao people of Lake Lanao in Mindanao held a rich and layered cosmological worldview. Their universe was divided into three sacred realms—the Seven Heavens (Langit), the Seven Earths (Dunya), and the Seven Underworlds—each inhabited by spirits, deities, and ancestral beings. This cosmology reflects a deep…